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Intrathecal vincristine: fatal myeloencephalopathy despite cerebrospinal fluid perfusion

Andrés Alcaraz1, Corsino Rey, Andrés Concha

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.

Abstract

Insights

Fatal myeloencephalopathy occurred in a child due to inadvertent intrathecal vincristine administration. Despite prompt treatment, the patient succumbed to severe neurotoxicity, highlighting the critical need for strict administration protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Vincristine is a crucial chemotherapy agent for acute lymphocytic leukemia.
  • Intrathecal administration of vincristine is contraindicated due to severe neurotoxicity.
  • Accidental intrathecal vincristine injection can be fatal.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia received inadvertent intrathecal vincristine.
  • Immediate treatment included cerebrospinal fluid drainage and exchange.
  • Clinical course over 83 days until death was documented, with vincristine sulfate levels monitored in cerebrospinal fluid.

Findings:

  • The patient developed fatal myeloencephalopathy following intrathecal vincristine.
  • Post-mortem examination revealed significant neuropathological changes in the brain and spinal cord.
  • Comparison with cases achieving survival after similar treatment was performed.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the catastrophic consequences of intrathecal vincristine administration errors.
  • Strict adherence to administration protocols is essential to prevent fatal neurotoxicity.
  • Preventive strategies are crucial to avoid such adverse events in clinical practice.

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