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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Published on: June 16, 2011
Redox events in HTLV-1 Tax-induced apoptotic T-cell death
Katerina Chlichlia1, Marek Los, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
1Division of Cellular Immunology (G0100), Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany. katerina.chlichlia@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
Abstract:
A number of studies implicate reactive oxygen intermediates in the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis. Recent studies suggest that the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein induces oxidative stress and apoptotic T-cell death. Activation of the T-cell receptor/CD3 pathway enhances the Tax-mediated oxidative and apoptotic effects. Tax-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress as well as activation of nuclear factor-kappaB can be potently suppressed by antioxidants. This review focuses on Tax-dependent changes in the intracellular redox status and their role in Tax-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. The relevance of these observations to HTLV-1 virus-mediated T-cell transformation and leukemogenesis are discussed.
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