Preeclampsia. Part 1: clinical and pathophysiologic considerations.

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Perinatology

Background:

• Preeclampsia-eclampsia is a significant contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide.
• Despite extensive research, the precise etiology of this pregnancy-specific disorder remains elusive.
• Current diagnostic criteria include hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, classifying it as a syndrome with potentially severe outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of preeclampsia-eclampsia.
• To explore experimental observations, genetic factors, and the search for predictive markers.
• To underscore the ongoing pursuit of prevention strategies for this complex condition.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical and pathophysiologic aspects.
• Examination of experimental findings and genetic research.
• Analysis of current treatment modalities and their limitations.

Main Results:

• Preeclampsia-eclampsia continues to pose risks despite advances in prenatal care.
• Understanding of pathophysiology has improved, but treatment options remain limited.
• Delivery postponement offers some fetal benefits but carries maternal risks.

Conclusions:

• Effective treatments for preeclampsia-eclampsia are lacking, with magnesium sulfate and hydralazine being standard intrapartum care.
• The identification of predictive markers and underlying causes is crucial for developing preventive measures.
• Continued research into the genetics and pathophysiology is essential to ultimately prevent preeclampsia-eclampsia.