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Michael J Decker1, Michael R Torry, Thomas J Noonan

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Recreational athletes who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction demonstrated altered landing mechanics, using their ankle muscles more and hip muscles less. This adaptation may be due to hamstring muscle harvesting during ACL surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common in athletes.
  • Rehabilitation aims to restore function, but altered movement patterns may persist.
  • Understanding landing mechanics post-ACL reconstruction is crucial for injury prevention and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ACL-reconstructed (ACLr) athletes use modified lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during a demanding functional task.
  • To compare landing strategies between healthy athletes and those who have undergone ACL reconstruction using hamstring grafts.

Main Methods:

  • Compared kinematic and kinetic data during a 60-cm vertical drop landing.
  • Evaluated 11 healthy recreational athletes and 11 recreational athletes with hamstring ACL reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • ACLr athletes showed greater hip extension and ankle plantarflexion at initial ground contact.
  • Peak vertical ground-reaction force was similar, but delayed in ACLr group.
  • ACLr athletes relied more on ankle plantarflexors (37% more work) and less on hip extensors (39% less work) for energy absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Hamstring ACLr athletes adopt a protective landing strategy, reducing hip extensor contribution and increasing ankle plantarflexor work.
  • Hamstring muscle harvesting during ACL reconstruction may influence this altered biomechanical strategy.
  • This adapted strategy may represent a compensatory mechanism to protect the reconstructed ligament.