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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
Published on: November 27, 2019
The pathophysiological basis of acute-on-chronic liver failure
Sambit Sen1, Roger Williams, Rajiv Jalan
1Institute of Hepatology, University College London Medical School and University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Abstract:
The vast majority of patients that are referred to a specialist hepatological centre suffer from acute deterioration of their chronic liver disease. Yet, this entity of acute-on-chronic liver failure remains poorly defined. With the emergence of newer liver support strategies, it has become necessary to define this entity, its pathophysiology and the short and long-term prognosis. This review focuses upon how a precipitant such as an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding or sepsis may start a cascade of events that culminate in end-organ dysfunction and liver failure. We briefly review the pathophysiological basis of the therapeutic modalities that are available. Our current strategy for the management of liver failure involves supportive therapy for the end-organs with the hope that the liver function would recover if sufficient time for such a recovery is allowed. Because liver failure, whether of the acute or acute-on-chronic variety, is potentially reversible, the stage is set for the application of newer liver support strategies to enhance the recovery process.
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