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Related Experiment Videos

Autoimmune urticaria.

Malcolm Greaves

    Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
    |September 12, 2002
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria may have autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor. These autoantibodies are likely causative, and identifying them aids in treatment selection for difficult cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Allergy

    Background:

    • Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is often linked to autoantibodies targeting the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) or IgE.
    • While causative links are probable, definitive proof is lacking due to the absence of animal models.
    • Intradermal injections of anti-FcεRI IgG in healthy individuals induce urticarial reactions, supporting the role of these antibodies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of autoantibodies in chronic urticaria.
    • To discuss diagnostic challenges and potential therapeutic strategies for autoimmune urticaria.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on autoantibodies in chronic urticaria.
    • Discussion of diagnostic methods including the autologous serum skin test and basophil mediator release assay.

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  • Consideration of immunotherapy options for treatment-resistant cases.

    • Main Results:

    • Autoantibodies against FcεRI or IgE are present in a subset of CIU patients.
    • The autologous serum skin test is a valuable screening tool for autoimmune urticaria.
    • No convenient immunoassays are widely available; basophil mediator release assays remain the gold standard.

    Conclusions:

    • Autoimmune mechanisms are implicated in a significant portion of chronic urticaria cases.
    • Accurate diagnosis of autoimmune urticaria is crucial for appropriate management.
    • Immunotherapies like cyclosporine, IVIg, and plasmapheresis may benefit severely affected, treatment-resistant patients.