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Appraisal on fluid and electrolyte management in paediatric surgical patient
A F Uba1, O A Sowande, O Adejuyigbe
1Paediatric Surgery Unit, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
Insights
Managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances in pediatric surgical patients is challenging due to varying expert recommendations. This review clarifies normal homeostasis, disorders, and management to improve pediatric fluid therapy and reduce complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Pediatric Critical Care
Background:
- Fluid and electrolyte disorders are frequent in pediatric surgical patients.
- Current management guidelines for these imbalances are inconsistent among authorities.
- Advances in understanding pediatric fluid and electrolyte homeostasis have not fully translated into standardized clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review normal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in children.
- To outline common fluid and electrolyte disorders in pediatric surgical patients.
- To provide updated recommendations for managing these imbalances and associated metabolic disturbances.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on pediatric fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Synthesis of information on normal physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.
- Analysis of current recommendations and identification of areas for practice improvement.
Main Results:
- Detailed explanation of pediatric fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
- Characterization of prevalent fluid and electrolyte disorders in the surgical pediatric population.
- Discussion of evidence-based management strategies and metabolic correction.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent management recommendations contribute to significant morbidity and mortality.
- A unified approach based on updated understanding is crucial for optimizing care.
- This review aims to standardize and improve fluid and electrolyte therapy in pediatric surgery.
Abstract:
Fluid and electrolyte disorders are common occurrences in Paediatric surgical practice. Despite this, the management of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the paediatric surgical patients remains problematic. This is partly because authorities vary considerably in their recommendations for therapy, despite the great advances being attained in the understanding of the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the Paediatric age group. This has, in no doubt, resulted in a number of morbidity and mortality that could have been prevented based upon rational and acceptable recommendations for fluid and electrolyte therapy in children. In this review, the normal homeostasis, disorders and management of fluid and electrolyte and corrections of metabolic disorders in children are highlighted, with the aim to update the practice of fluid and electrolyte therapy in children.