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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
Published on: January 30, 2014
Characterization of microglial responses to Staphylococcus aureus: effects on cytokine, costimulatory molecule, and
Tammy Kielian1, Patrick Mayes, Mark Kielian
1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 510, 4301 W. Markham Street, 72205, Little Rock, AR, USA. KielianTammyL@uams.edu
Abstract:
Microglia participate in innate immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). This work demonstrates that microglia can recognize heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus and its cell wall product peptidoglycan (PGN) through the elaboration of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Microglia also exhibited S. aureus bactericidal activity. Microglia constitutively expressed low levels of Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, TLR6, and CD14, all of which were enhanced following S. aureus exposure. Activation of resident microglia by S. aureus may serve to amplify the CNS antibacterial immune response through the release of cytokines, chemokines, and induction of bactericidal activity.
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