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Water Relation Alterations Observed during Hypersensitive Reaction Induced by Bacteria.

P. L. Popham1, S. M. Pike, A. Novacky

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology (P.L.P., S.M.P., A.N.) and School of Natural Resources (S.G.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211.

Plant Physiology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial infection triggers rapid cell death in plants, leading to disturbed water relations. Cotton cotyledons showed decreased water content and turgidity due to K+ efflux, not stomatal water loss, during the hypersensitive reaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Plant physiology

Background:

  • Plants exhibit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) involving rapid cell death upon exposure to pathogenic bacteria.
  • Bacterial infection can lead to tissue collapse, necrosis, and significant disturbances in plant water relations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early changes in water relations during the hypersensitive reaction in cotton cotyledons after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci.
  • To determine the mechanisms behind the observed decline in relative water content (RWC) and loss of turgidity.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of relative water content (RWC) in cotton cotyledons at early time points post-inoculation.
  • Assessment of changes in fresh weight, turgidity, and tissue area.
  • Monitoring of K+ efflux and stomatal diffusive resistance.

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Main Results:

  • A decline in RWC was observed within 4 hours of inoculation, not attributable to decreased fresh weight but increased water uptake.
  • Loss of turgidity and decreased cotyledon area occurred by 8 hours post-inoculation, concurrent with K+ efflux.
  • Increased stomatal diffusive resistance indicated that stomatal water loss was not the cause of wilting; increased K+ per dry weight suggested impaired phloem function.

Conclusions:

  • The hypersensitive reaction in cotton involves rapid disturbances in water relations, characterized by K+ efflux and altered cell morphology, leading to turgor loss.
  • Increased water uptake via capillary action due to cell shape changes contributes to altered RWC.
  • Bacterial-induced HR impacts cellular processes beyond cell death, potentially affecting nutrient transport like phloem loading.