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Related Experiment Videos

Jamming pattern in a two-dimensional hopper.

Kiwing To1, Pik-Yin Lai

  • 1Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China. ericto@gate.sinica.edu.tw

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 21, 2002
PubMed
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Granular flow experiments reveal how metal disks form arches in hoppers. Arch formation and statistics depend on hopper opening size, with a random walker model accurately predicting arch behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Flow Dynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex flow behaviors.
  • Hopper flow can lead to jamming phenomena, such as arch formation.
  • Understanding arch statistics is crucial for predicting granular material flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the statistical properties of arches formed during granular flow in a 2D hopper.
  • To analyze the influence of hopper opening size on arch formation and characteristics.
  • To develop a theoretical model for predicting arch formation probability.

Main Methods:

  • Performing granular flow experiments with metal disks in a 2D hopper.
  • Defining and measuring the arch vector (horizontal and vertical components).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing statistical distributions of arch properties (X, Y, number of disks n) as a function of hopper opening (d).

    • Main Results:

    • Hopper opening size (d) significantly affects the distribution of the horizontal arch component (X).
    • The vertical arch component (Y) distribution remains symmetrical around zero regardless of d.
    • Mean arch size () and arch vector components increase with both hopper opening (d) and number of disks (n).

    Conclusions:

    • A restricted random walker model accurately predicts the probability density function of arch formation.
    • The derived model successfully reproduces experimental statistics for arch formation.
    • The study provides insights into the physics of jamming and arching in granular flows.