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Estrogen and thyroid hormone receptor interactions: physiological flexibility by molecular specificity.
Nandini Vasudevan1, Sonoko Ogawa, Donald Pfaff
1Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Physiological Reviews
|September 25, 2002
Summary
Thyroid hormone influences estrogen actions in a specific manner, depending on receptor types and gene promoters. These interactions are crucial for reproductive behaviors and neuroendocrine feedback.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Reproductive Science
Background:
- Thyroid hormone and estrogen are critical endocrine regulators.
- Their interactions influence various physiological processes, including reproduction.
- Previous studies show in vivo and in vitro evidence of this interplay.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone's influence on estrogen actions.
- To identify factors determining the specificity of these hormonal interactions.
- To explore the role of these interactions in reproductive regulation.
Main Methods:
- Transient transfection assays were employed.
- The study examined the effects of liganded thyroid hormone receptors (TR) on estrogen receptor (ER) mediated transcription.
- Specificity was assessed based on ER and TR isoforms, promoter elements, and cell types.
Main Results:
- The influence of TR on ER transcriptional activity is highly specific.
- Specificity is determined by the ER isoform, TR isoform, promoter, and cell type.
- These molecular interactions offer flexible mechanisms for hormonal system interplay.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid hormone and estrogen interactions are complex and isoform-specific.
- These interactions provide a molecular basis for neuroendocrine control of reproduction.
- Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending reproductive behaviors and seasonal adaptations.