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Age, time of testing, and proactive interference.

Lynn Hasher1, Christie Chung, Cynthia P May

  • 1University of Toronto. hasher@psych.utoronto.ca

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|September 26, 2002
PubMed
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Older adults experienced more memory interference, especially at nonoptimal times. Younger adults showed typical memory release, but older adults tested in the afternoon did not, suggesting heightened interference effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Proactive interference (PI) affects memory recall, where previously learned information hinders new learning.
  • Age-related differences in cognitive functions, including memory, are well-documented.
  • Circadian rhythms (optimal times of day) can influence cognitive performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related vulnerability to proactive interference in memory.
  • To examine the impact of optimal versus nonoptimal times of day on memory interference.
  • To test the hypothesis that interference effects are exacerbated at nonoptimal times.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a four-list release from proactive interference paradigm.
  • Recruited older and younger adults, categorized by chronotype (morning-type/evening-type).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tested participants at their optimal and nonoptimal times of day (morning/afternoon).

    • Main Results:

    • Younger adults exhibited standard buildup and release from proactive interference.
    • Older adults tested in the afternoon failed to show the release effect.
    • Recall and intrusion data indicated greater PI vulnerability in older adults, particularly at nonoptimal times.

    Conclusions:

    • Older adults are more susceptible to proactive interference than younger adults.
    • Nonoptimal times of day significantly heighten memory interference effects in older adults.
    • Findings support an inhibitory model of working memory control.