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Punjabi orchard farmers: an immigrant enclave in rural California
The International Migration Review
|April 1, 1988
Abstract:
Examination of the adaptation patterns of Punjabi Sikh orchard farmers in rural California provides further evidence of ways in which strong ethnic enclaves help to promote rapid economic self-sufficiency among immigrant groups. The discussion emphasizes the need to consider not only the cultural traditions of group members, but also the historical context of immigration and the immigrants' perceptions of their particular situation. The Punjabi case indicates, too, how the 1965 Immigration Act, with its preference for family reunification, has promoted the formation of immigrant enclave.
Keywords:
Agricultural WorkersAmericasAsiaCaliforniaCultural BackgroundCultureDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesEconomic FactorsEmploymentEthnic GroupsFamily And HouseholdFamily CharacteristicsFamily RelationshipsHuman ResourcesIndiaInternational Migration--changesLabor ForceMigrantsMigration--changesNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsSouthern AsiaUnited States
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