Census undercount and the undercount of the Black population

"Despite the [U.S.] Census Bureau's great efforts in various accuracy-improvement and outreach programs, census undercount still persists.... This paper focuses on the undercount of the Black population and its impacts in the form of such biased statistics on Blacks as inflated proportions of Black female-headed households, deflated victimization rates of Black males, or crude death rates of Blacks. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to deal with the undercount problems."