Language skills and earnings among legalized aliens

"This paper uses the data on males and females from the 1989 [U.S.] Legalized Population Survey (LPS), a sample of aliens granted amnesty under 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, to analyse English language proficiency and earnings.... English language proficiency is greater for those with more schooling, who immigrated at a younger age, who have been in the United States longer, with a more continuos stay, and who have less access to other origin language speakers where they live. Earnings are higher by about 8% for men and 17% for women who are proficient in both speaking and reading English, compared to those lacking both skills."