[Mechanosensitive ion channels]

The article concentrates on the concepts of mechanosensitive ion channels that are present in practically all cells of an organism. Considered are kinetic scheme and activation principles of mechanic-sensitive ion channels. The forces affecting those channels are discussed in detail. The qualities of the channels in lipid monolayer, bilayer and real cell membrane are under consideration. Discussed are various models that analyze possibilities of channel opening depending on the membrane tension. Under discussion are the data received from studying single channels, currents in whole-cell configuration and cloned channels built into bilayer, liposomes and membrane blebs. Problems of transmitting mechanic energy to the channel through the bilayer and through the cytoskeleton are investigated. Inhibitors and activators of mechanosensitive ion channels are mentioned and their effects are considered. The functional classification of mechanosensitive ion channels is given. Described are cation SACs, potassium SACs, Ca(2+)-sensitive and Ca(2+)-insensitive SACs, anion SACs, nonselective SACs and SICs. It is proved that mechanosensitive ion channels can produce considerable currents enough to change the cell electrogenesis.