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The nonmetropolitan population turnaround.

G V Fuguitt

    Annual Review of Sociology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    The US experienced a surprising nonmetropolitan turnaround from 1970-1980, with rural areas growing faster than urban ones. This trend, driven by migration shifts, has spurred significant research into population distribution dynamics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Demography
    • Urban and Regional Planning
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • US nonmetropolitan areas experienced unprecedented growth from 1970-1980.
    • This growth rate surpassed that of metropolitan areas, reversing historical settlement patterns.
    • The phenomenon was termed the "nonmetropolitan turnaround."

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize the literature explaining the nonmetropolitan turnaround.
    • To analyze the factors influencing migration patterns and residential preferences during this period.
    • To understand the broader implications for US population distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Macroanalyses of nonmetropolitan settlement structure.
    • Examination of employment distribution changes.
    Keywords:
    AmericasDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesEmployment StatusMacroeconomic FactorsMigrationMigration, InternalNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsRural PopulationSettlement And ResettlementSocioeconomic FactorsSocioeconomic StatusTurnaround MigrationUnited StatesUrban Population

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  • Analysis of migration streams, differentials, and decision-making processes.
  • Review of research on residential preferences.

    • Main Results:

    • Migration favored nonmetropolitan areas, with more people moving from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions.
    • The turnaround was influenced by both economic and potentially noneconomic factors, though evidence for the latter is mixed.
    • Nonmetropolitan growth decelerated in the late 1970s and reversed in the early 1980s.

    Conclusions:

    • The nonmetropolitan turnaround represented a significant, albeit temporary, shift in US population distribution.
    • While the trend reversed, a complete return to pre-turnaround settlement patterns seems unlikely.
    • The extensive research generated has enhanced understanding of US population dynamics.