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Active specific immunization in malignant melanoma.

F G Gercovich, J U Gutterman, G M Mavligit

    Medical and Pediatric Oncology
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Active specific immunization using melanoma tumor cells (TC) in 11 patients with advanced melanoma showed a significant increase in lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) in 6 patients. This approach appears safe and may warrant further investigation for therapeutic efficacy.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Malignant melanoma is a significant health concern.
    • Chemoimmunotherapy is a treatment modality for advanced cancers.
    • Cell-associated immunity plays a role in cancer progression and treatment response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effects of active specific immunization with melanoma tumor cells (TC) on cell-associated immunity in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
    • To assess the safety and potential immunotherapeutic efficacy of this approach.

    Main Methods:

    • 11 patients with advanced malignant melanoma received chemoimmunotherapy.
    • Active specific immunization was performed using autologous and allogeneic melanoma tumor cells (TC).
    • In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) to autologous TC was measured using the stimulation index (SI).

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  • Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Six out of 11 patients demonstrated a significant increase in lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) lasting 7-14 days post-immunization.
    • Nine out of 11 patients exhibited a delayed local inflammatory reaction at the immunization site.
    • Five out of 11 patients developed a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to autologous tumor cells.
    • No adverse side effects were reported.

    Conclusions:

    • Active specific immunization with melanoma tumor cells, particularly when administered in the drainage area of a BCG reaction, appears to be a safe procedure.
    • A positive blastogenic response to autologous tumor cells correlates with a favorable prognosis in solid tumors.
    • Further studies investigating the immunotherapeutic efficacy of this active specific immunization strategy are warranted.