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Related Experiment Videos

Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric dominance, and neuroimmune integration.

Ravi Kumar Kurup1, Parameswara Achutha Kurup

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|September 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The isoprenoid pathway, crucial for immune regulation, is upregulated in neurological lupus, SSPE, and CJD, but downregulated in recurrent respiratory infections. Hemispheric dominance influences these metabolic changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The isoprenoid pathway yields vital metabolites: digoxin (Na(+)-K+ ATPase inhibitor, neurotransmitter regulator, immunomodulator), dolichol (protein N-glycosylation), and ubiquinone (antioxidant).
  • Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, slow viral infections, and respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the isoprenoid pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations (neurolupus), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and recurrent respiratory infections.
  • To compare pathway activity based on right and left hemispheric dominance.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of isoprenoid pathway metabolites (digoxin, dolichol, ubiquinone) in patient cohorts.

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  • Analysis of tryptophan and tyrosine catabolites, glycoconjugate levels, lysosomal stability, and membrane lipid composition.
  • Comparison between disease groups and hemispheric dominance.

    • Main Results:

    • Upregulated isoprenoid pathway and increased digoxin synthesis observed in neurolupus, SSPE, and CJD, correlating with right hemispheric dominance.
    • Elevated tryptophan catabolites, reduced tyrosine catabolites, increased dolichol and glycoconjugates, reduced lysosomal stability, low ubiquinone, and increased free radicals noted in these conditions.
    • Conversely, recurrent respiratory infections and left hemispheric dominance showed downregulated isoprenoid pathway activity with hypodigoxinemia.

    Conclusions:

    • The isoprenoid pathway is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of neurolupus, CJD, SSPE, and recurrent respiratory infections.
    • Hypothalamic digoxin levels and hemispheric dominance are critical regulators of immune function and disease progression.