Energy flow and the persistence of a human population: a simulation analysis

Area of Science:

• Human Ecology
• Anthropology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• High-altitude Andean communities face unpredictable environmental conditions.
• Subsistence strategies in these regions are critical for survival.
• Understanding population dynamics is essential for ecological resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and present the NUNOA human ecosystem model.
• To simulate the yearly energy balance of Quechua Indian families in the high Andes.
• To investigate the impact of social and environmental factors on population survival.

Main Methods:

• Simulation of agricultural and herding activities.
• Calculation of family energy demand based on caloric requirements.
• Modeling of births, deaths, marriages, and resource sharing within extended families.

Main Results:

• Extended family substructuring acts as a buffer against external influences.
• Population stability is significantly enhanced by resource sharing mechanisms.
• Unpredictable environments necessitate robust social structures for survival.

Conclusions:

• The NUNOA model demonstrates the adaptive advantage of extended families in harsh environments.
• Resource sharing within substructured populations is vital for resilience.
• Changes in social patterns can significantly affect population viability.