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Mortality patterns in developed countries.

K G Manton

    Comparative Social Research
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Developed countries are experiencing significant increases in life expectancy, particularly among the very old. This demographic shift necessitates evaluating impacts on social security and health services systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Demography
    • Gerontology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Developed countries face demographic shifts driven by increasing life expectancy.
    • A notable trend is the accelerated growth in the population aged 85 and over.
    • These changes pose significant challenges to social security and healthcare systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of mortality reductions on social security and health services in developed nations.
    • To analyze mortality conditions across 11 developed countries from 1950 to 1978.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of mortality data from 11 developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, UK, West Germany, France) between 1950 and 1978.
    • Examination of cause-specific mortality trends and life expectancy changes at advanced ages.
    Keywords:
    AdultAge Distribution--changesAge FactorsAge Specific Death RateAgedAmericasAsiaCanadaCauses Of DeathCzechoslovakiaDeath RateDelivery Of Health CareDemographic AgingDemographic FactorsDenmarkDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesDifferential MortalityEastern AsiaEastern EuropeEconomic FactorsEuropeFinancial ActivitiesFinancing, GovernmentFranceGermany, Federal Republic OfHealthHealth ServicesHungaryJapanLength Of LifeLife Expectancy--changesMediterranean CountriesMortality--changesNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaNorthern EuropeNorwayPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsScandinaviaSex FactorsSocial SecuritySwedenUnited KingdomUnited StatesWestern Europe

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    Main Results:

    • Significant increases in life expectancy were observed at advanced ages, especially for females.
    • Cross-country variations in cause of death structures suggest diverse mechanisms driving mortality improvements.
    • No single biological aging model explains current mortality trends in high life expectancy countries.

    Conclusions:

    • Further reductions in mortality are achievable by adopting successful cause-specific strategies observed in other countries.
    • Understanding diverse mortality patterns is crucial for adapting social security and health systems.
    • Demographic trends necessitate proactive policy adjustments for aging populations.