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The transmigration programme in Indonesian national development strategy: current status and future requirements
Habitat International
|January 1, 1989
Summary
Indonesia's transmigration program moved over four million people since 1904. Despite successes, challenges like poor site selection and land conflicts persist, prompting current improvement efforts.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Development Studies
- Environmental Science
Background:
- The Indonesian transmigration program, initiated in 1904, relocated over four million people by mid-1986.
- This large-scale migration aimed to address population density and resource distribution challenges in Indonesia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical Indonesian transmigration program.
- To identify the successes and persistent challenges of the program.
- To describe current strategies for program improvement.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of the Indonesian transmigration program.
- Analysis of program inception, scale, and outcomes.
- Examination of reported issues and ongoing initiatives.
Main Results:
- The program facilitated significant population movement but faced numerous problems.
- Key issues included inadequate income, improper site selection, environmental degradation, and land conflicts.
- Current efforts focus on improving settlements, encouraging spontaneous migration, and private sector involvement.
Conclusions:
- The Indonesian transmigration program achieved scale but suffered from critical implementation failures.
- Addressing socio-economic, environmental, and land tenure issues is crucial for sustainable resettlement.
- Ongoing strategies aim to mitigate past problems and enhance future program viability.