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The U.S. decennial census: an agenda for change
Summary
The U.S. Census Bureau must reform its methods because the diverse American population can no longer be accurately counted using traditional headcounts. Rising costs and decreased accuracy in the 1990 census highlight the need for change before the 2000 census.
Area of Science:
- Demographics
- Government Operations
- Statistical Analysis
Background:
- The traditional U.S. census headcount approach is increasingly inadequate for an accurate count.
- Population diversity and dynamism challenge conventional census methods.
- The 1990 census experienced decreased accuracy and significant cost escalation compared to 1980.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the shortcomings of the 1990 U.S. census.
- To identify the need for fundamental changes in census methodology for the year 2000.
- To explore opportunities for cost-effective census reforms.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 1990 U.S. census results and experiences.
- Comparative cost and accuracy assessment between 1980 and 1990 censuses.
- Review of potential reform areas for future census operations.
Main Results:
- The 1990 census accuracy declined relative to the 1980 census.
- Census costs significantly increased, with the 1990 census costing $2.6 billion.
- Fundamental changes are necessary for an accurate and cost-effective 2000 census.
Conclusions:
- The traditional census headcount method is insufficient for the diverse and dynamic U.S. population.
- Urgent reforms are required to prevent further cost escalation and accuracy decline in the 2000 census.
- The General Accounting Office identifies multiple reform opportunities for a more effective census.