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A relational view of causality in normal and abnormal development.

Gilbert Gottlieb1, Carolyn Tucker Halpern

  • 1Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-8115, USA. gottlieb@email.unc.edu

Development and Psychopathology
|September 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Developmental outcomes arise from the coaction of multiple system levels, including genetic, neural, behavioral, and environmental factors. This bidirectional causality view is crucial for understanding normal and abnormal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychobiology
  • Systems Theory
  • Causality in Development

Background:

  • Traditional causality models often isolate single factors, which is insufficient for understanding complex developmental phenomena.
  • A relational or coactive concept of causality is necessary to grasp developmental processes.
  • Existing research often overlooks the interplay between different levels of a developmental system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a developmental psychobiological systems view of relational (bidirectional, coactional) causality.
  • To propose that developmental outcomes result from the coaction of components across multiple system levels.
  • To illustrate the applicability of this perspective to understanding behavioral and psychological phenotypes.

Main Methods:

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  • Review and synthesis of existing animal and human literature.
  • Application of a developmental psychobiological systems framework.
  • Focus on bidirectional and coactional causality across genetic, neural, behavioral, and environmental levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Developmental outcomes are proposed to be a consequence of coaction between at least two components within a developmental system.
    • This systems view is applicable to understanding both normal and abnormal behavioral and psychological phenotypes.
    • Illustrations from literature support the bidirectional, coactional causality model.

    Conclusions:

    • A developmental psychobiological systems view offers a more comprehensive understanding of causality in development.
    • This perspective is vital for advancing research in developmental psychopathology.
    • Future research should embrace a fully realized bidirectional, coactional approach.