Nickel allergy and hand eczema

A clinical study was performed in 66 female patients with hand eczema and contact allergy to nickel. They were drawn from a basic material of 165 patients with nickel allergy in which hand eczema occurred in 86 cases (52%). The hand eczema started at an average age of 32 years and it had been preceded by a metal hypersensitivity for an average of 6 years. The eczema was found to be chronic with a mean duration up to the time of examination of 8 years. It was associated with secondary eruptions in half of the cases. The hand eczema showed a low degree of relevance with regard to dependance of occupation or vacation, as well as to exacerbation of the dermatitis after a direct contact with nickel-coated objects. The clinical examination disclosed in 77% a pompholyx, i.e. a symmetric vesicular eruption mainly located on the palms and volar aspects of fingers, and sides of fingers. The eczema often showed a periodic activity, with about 15 annual eruptions in the pompholyx cases. It is concluded that simple external contact with the metal can hardly explain the most common clinical pattern of the hand eczema in nickel allergy.