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Dissociating striatal and hippocampal function developmentally with a stimulus-response compatibility task.

B J Casey¹, Kathleen M Thomas, Matthew C Davidson

¹Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. bjc2002@med.cornell.edu

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|September 28, 2002

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Children struggle more than adults when overriding learned actions, showing significant differences in brain activity. This highlights developmental changes in cognitive control and neural pathways crucial for learning and adaptation.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Development
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Overriding learned actions is crucial for adaptation and learning.
Cognitive control and neural development are key to this process.
Understanding developmental differences in these systems is important.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the development of cognitive and neural systems for overriding learned actions.
To compare brain activity in children and adults during a stimulus-response compatibility task.
To identify neural correlates of action overriding and developmental variations.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan participants.
A stimulus-response compatibility task was employed with incompatible and compatible mappings.

Related Experiment Videos

Eight right-handed adults and eight children (7-11 years) participated.

Main Results:

Both groups were less accurate with incompatible mappings; children performed significantly worse.
Ventral prefrontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, and hippocampus showed significant activity.
Striatal activity correlated with errors, while hippocampal activity correlated with reaction time in reversing associations.
Children exhibited larger, more ventral striatal/pallidal and hippocampal/parahippocampal activity compared to adults.

Conclusions:

Ventral frontostriatal circuitry is vital for overriding habitual actions.
Hippocampal systems are involved in learning and reversing stimulus-location associations.
Developmental maturation leads to more refined and focal neural projections in these regions.
These findings illuminate the neural basis of cognitive flexibility across the lifespan.