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Related Experiment Videos

Hydrogen clusters in clathrate hydrate.

Wendy L Mao1, Ho-Kwang Mao, Alexander F Goncharov

  • 1Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. wmao@uchicago.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen and water mixtures form a stable sII clathrate structure under high pressure. This clathrate retains hydrogen at high temperatures, impacting planetary science and icy body evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Planetary science
  • Astrochemistry

Background:

  • Clathrate hydrates are crystalline solids with cage-like structures capable of trapping guest molecules.
  • Understanding the behavior of hydrogen (H2) and water (H2O) mixtures under pressure is crucial for planetary formation models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and vibrational properties of H2-H2O mixtures under high pressure.
  • To determine the stability and hydrogen-holding capacity of the resulting clathrate structure.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure Raman spectroscopy
  • Infrared spectroscopy
  • X-ray diffraction
  • Neutron diffraction

Main Results:

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  • H2 and H2O mixtures crystallized into the sII clathrate structure with an approximate H2/H2O molar ratio of 1:2.
  • Clathrate cages were multiply occupied: two H2 molecules in small cages and four in large cages.
  • Softening and splitting of hydrogen vibrons indicated increased intermolecular interactions within the clathrate.

Conclusions:

  • The quenched H2-H2O clathrate is stable up to 145 Kelvin at ambient pressure.
  • High-temperature hydrogen retention in clathrates may facilitate hydrogen condensation in planetary nebulae.
  • This phenomenon could be significant for the evolution of icy celestial bodies.