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Related Experiment Videos

Pediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspectives.

S A H Rizvi1, S A A Naqvi, Z Hussain

  • 1Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.

The Journal of Urology
|September 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Pediatric kidney stones in Pakistan show a shift towards upper tract disease, with diet, dehydration, and poor nutrition identified as key causes. Calcium oxalate and ammonium urate are common stone compositions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Kidney stone disease (calculous disease) in children presents unique epidemiological and etiological challenges.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to stone formation in pediatric populations is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology, etiology, dietary and urinary risk factors, and stone composition in pediatric stone formers in Pakistan.
  • To analyze trends in the location and type of kidney stones over time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,440 pediatric patients treated between 1987 and 2000.
  • Review of case records for demographics, etiology, and clinical symptoms.
  • Prospective analysis of dietary and urinary risk factors in idiopathic stone formers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Infrared spectroscopy for stone composition analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • A male-to-female ratio of 3:1 was observed.
    • Bladder stones decreased from 60% to 15% between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s, indicating a shift towards upper tract stones.
    • Hyperoxaluria (40%) and hypocitruria (63%) were common urinary risk factors in idiopathic stone formers.
    • Calcium oxalate (47%) and ammonium hydrogen urate (27%) were the predominant stone compositions.

    Conclusions:

    • The pattern of pediatric calculous disease in Pakistan has shifted from lower to upper tract involvement.
    • Dietary factors, including low protein, calcium, and potassium intake, along with high oxalate consumption, are implicated.
    • Dehydration and poor nutrition are identified as primary contributors to pediatric stone disease.