Conflict of interest and medical publication

One of the important causes of bias in the medical literature is failure to publish data because it is "negative". Usually, this is due to failure to write a manuscript and submit it for publication. Since publication is an essential part of research and patients have been recruited into a study in the belief that they are participating in medical research, there is an ethical commitment to publish the observations made on volunteer subjects. This can be enforced by ethical committees if they refuse to approve studies of investigators and sponsors who have failed to publish earlier studies.