Suctioning: a review of current research recommendations

Area of Science:

• Critical Care Medicine
• Nursing
• Respiratory Therapy

Background:

• Effective airway management is crucial for critically ill patients.
• Endotracheal suctioning, while necessary, carries significant risks including trauma, hypoxemia, and cardiac complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and synthesize current research recommendations for safer endotracheal suctioning practices.
• To provide evidence-based guidelines for healthcare professionals to minimize suctioning-related complications.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining research recommendations in three phases: pre-suctioning, during suctioning, and post-suctioning.
• Key aspects reviewed include patient assessment, preparation, hyperoxygenation, catheter selection, insertion depth, negative pressure, duration, asepsis, and post-procedure care.

Main Results:

• Pre-suctioning recommendations emphasize patient assessment, preparation, and hyperoxygenation.
• During-suctioning guidelines focus on appropriate catheter use, insertion depth, negative pressure, procedure duration, and aseptic techniques.
• Post-suctioning care involves oxygen reconnection, assessment, gradual oxygen reduction, and patient reassurance.

Conclusions:

• Adherence to evidence-based recommendations for endotracheal suctioning is imperative for improving patient safety and outcomes in critical care settings.
• Nurses require current knowledge of these recommendations to make informed decisions and optimize suctioning practices based on individual patient needs.