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MMPs and TIMPs--an historical perspective
1Dept Biochem Mol Biol, Univ Miami School of Med, FL 33101, USA. fwoessne@med.miami.edu
Abstract:
There are currently 25 known vertebrate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and 4 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This article reviews these proteases from an historical perspective in terms of who discovered each protein, when the sequence was established, when action on protein substrates was demonstrated, and what names have been used. A similar approach is taken for the TIMPS, and their multiple functions in addition to protease inhibition are emphasized. MMPs from invertebrates, plants, and bacteria are also discussed. This review is an outgrowth and update of a chapter by the same name originally published in Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols, pp. 1-23, edited by I. M. Clark and published by Humana Press in 2001.
Insights
This review details the historical discovery and naming of vertebrate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), including their functions and broader roles across species.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Enzymology
Background:
- Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are crucial proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodeling.
- Understanding their historical context, discovery, and evolution is key to appreciating their diverse biological roles.
Observation:
- This review traces the discovery timeline of 25 vertebrate MMPs and 4 TIMPs.
- It details the establishment of their sequences, substrate specificities, and nomenclature evolution.
- The review also explores MMPs in non-vertebrate organisms and the multifaceted functions of TIMPs beyond inhibition.
Findings:
- The historical perspective reveals a rich timeline of scientific inquiry into MMPs and TIMPs.
- Key milestones include protein identification, sequence elucidation, and functional characterization.
- TIMPs exhibit functions beyond protease inhibition, highlighting their complex regulatory roles.
Implications:
- A comprehensive historical overview aids in understanding the current research landscape of MMPs and TIMPs.
- This knowledge is vital for developing targeted therapeutics and advancing research in extracellular matrix dynamics.
- The review provides a foundation for future investigations into the evolutionary and functional diversity of these protein families.