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Chemical ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Timothy W I Clark1, Michael C Soulen
1Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. clark@rad.upenn.edu
Abstract:
Chemical ablation with absolute ethanol is the most established technique of imaging-guided regional therapy for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), with long-term survival rates that rival those of surgical resection. In this article, the authors review patient selection criteria, techniques (including the one-shot approach of ethanol ablation for HCCs larger than 3 cm), complications, follow-up, and outcomes. The use of agents other than ethanol and the combination of chemical ablation with chemoembolization is also discussed.