Altered distribution of urinary glycosaminoglycans in diabetic subjects

We studied the influence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with similar duration on the urinary excretion of total glycosaminoglycans and alteration of urinary glycosaminoglycan distribution pattern. Investigations were performed in the 24-hour urine samples of 31 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 36 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 30 age-matched controls for each group. We found that type 2 diabetes mellitus also induced an increased urinary excretion of total glycosaminoglycans and that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes alter the urinary distribution of heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. Observed changes correlate with duration of the disease. Microalbuminuria was detected in 9 of 36 type 2 adult diabetics (25%). The microalbuminic group had a significantly higher heparan sulphate and/or dermatan sulphate excretion rate. To clarify whether an altered urinary distribution of heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate may precede the development of microalbuminuria, it is necessary to performed a prospective study in which urinary glycosaminoglycans and microalbuminuria are measured year by year starting from the diagnosis of diabetes.