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Published on: March 28, 2013
TGF-beta(1) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 and gamma2 expression in human THP-1 monocytes
Ulrich Kintscher1, Shu Wakino, Dennis Bruemmer
1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ulrichkintscher@hotmail.com
Abstract:
The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed as two isoforms (PPARgamma1 and gamma2), and is an important modulator of monocyte gene regulation and function. TGF-beta(1) is an essential and potent immune modulator and we therefore examined its effect on PPARgamma expression in human THP-1 monocytes. TGF-beta(1) strongly induced PPARgamma2 mRNA and protein expression with a lesser effect on PPARgamma1. Transcription from a PPARgamma2 promoter/luciferase reporter vector was activated approximately 3-fold by TGF-beta(1). Mutation of two C/EBP elements within the PPARgamma2 promoter reduced TGF-beta(1)-induced transcription by approximately 65%. TGF-beta(1) also induced the expression of three C/EBPisoforms (alpha, beta, and delta). Induction of PPARgamma1 and gamma2 in monocytes by TGF-beta(1) may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of this growth factor.
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