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PAD. Epidemiology and pathophysiology.

C Cimminiello1

  • 1Divisione Medicina II, Ospedale Vimercate, Milano, Italy. clcimmin@tin.it

Thrombosis Research
|October 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is underestimated when only considering symptomatic cases. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD patients face high cardiovascular event risks, with lower risks for limb complications.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

  • Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) prevalence is underestimated by focusing solely on symptomatic patients with intermittent claudication.
  • Instrumental abnormalities, like a low Ankle-Branchial Index (ABI), reveal a higher prevalence of PAD.
  • PAD affects elderly populations significantly, with incidence peaking after age 50, showing no major gender disparity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underestimation of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) prevalence.
  • To emphasize the cardiovascular risks associated with both symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD.
  • To identify key risk factors associated with PAD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patient populations considering both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing instrumental measures like the Ankle-Branchial Index (ABI) for diagnosis.
  • Reviewing epidemiological data on PAD prevalence across different demographics and risk factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Symptomatic assessment alone underestimates PAD prevalence.
    • Patients with PAD, regardless of symptoms, exhibit a high risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events.
    • The risk of local limb worsening, such as revascularization or amputation, is reduced in PAD patients.

    Conclusions:

    • PAD diagnosis and risk assessment should include asymptomatic individuals identified by low ABI.
    • PAD is a significant risk factor for systemic cardiovascular events.
    • While sharing risk factors with other atherosclerotic diseases, PAD shows a stronger association with smoking and diabetes.