Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints

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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

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Published on: September 21, 2017

Kristy B Arbogast1, Rebecca A Cornejo, Michael J Kallan

  • 1The Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Annual Proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine
|October 4, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Child safety seats (FMVSS 213) protect young children in crashes. Further reducing head, neck, and extremity injuries in forward-facing child restraints can enhance child passenger safety.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric injury biomechanics
  • Traffic safety research
  • Child restraint system analysis

Background:

  • The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 213) for child restraints is under review.
  • Evaluating injury risks and patterns in child restraints is crucial for safety improvements.
  • Data from a crash surveillance system (1998-2002) were used to assess child passenger safety.

Observation:

  • A probability sample of children aged 12-47 months involved in motor vehicle crashes was analyzed.
  • The study linked insurance claims, telephone surveys, and crash investigation data.
  • In-depth crash investigations identified injury mechanisms in forward-facing child restraints (FFCRS).

Findings:

  • Children in FFCRS experience a low risk of injury during crashes.
  • Analysis revealed specific risks for head, neck, and extremity injuries.
  • Further reductions in serious injuries are possible by addressing these specific injury types.

Implications:

  • Study findings inform current efforts to upgrade FMVSS 213.
  • Recommendations aim to enhance the protection of child passengers.
  • This research supports evidence-based improvements in child restraint system design and regulation.

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