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Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects

Arthur C Ouwehand1, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. arthur.ouwehand@utu.fi

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
|October 9, 2002
PubMed

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The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
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