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Differences between T cell epitopes recognized after immunization and after infection.

Thorsten U Vogel1, Helen Horton, Deborah H Fuller

  • 1Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capital Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 9, 2002
PubMed
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Vaccine strategies targeting cellular immunity for HIV control may not elicit the same immune responses as natural infection. This study reveals significant differences in T cell epitope recognition between vaccination and post-infection in macaques.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cellular immune responses, including CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, are critical for controlling HIV and SIV replication.
  • Vaccine development for HIV has focused on inducing these cellular responses.
  • A key question is whether vaccine-induced responses mirror those generated by natural infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the epitope specificity of T cell responses induced by vaccination versus those observed after SIV infection.
  • To investigate the evolution of T cell responses post-vaccination and post-challenge.

Main Methods:

  • DNA/modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination of eight rhesus macaques.
  • Intracellular cytokine staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with SIV-spanning peptides.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Monitoring T cell responses before and after SIVmac239 challenge.

    • Main Results:

    • Vaccination induced 39 CD8 and 41 CD4 T cell epitopes.
    • Post-infection, only 57% of CD8 and 19% of CD4 responses from vaccination were recalled.
    • New CD8 (29 acute, 24 chronic) and CD4 (5 acute, 7 chronic) epitopes emerged post-infection, with limited persistence.

    Conclusions:

    • The repertoire of immune responses in peripheral blood differs significantly between vaccination and SIV infection.
    • Vaccine-induced T cell responses do not fully replicate the breadth or specificity of responses elicited by natural infection.