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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

A Standardized Acupotomy Protocol For The Treatment of Tenosynovitis of Hand Flexor Tendons In Human Patients
Published on: May 26, 2026
Closed-catheter irrigation is as effective as open drainage for treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis
Karol A Gutowski1, Oscar Ochoa, William P Adams
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, G5/357, Madison, WI 43792-7375, USA.
Abstract:
Surgical treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis traditionally consists of open drainage (OD) and irrigation of the flexor tendon sheath. An alternative, less traumatic method of closed-catheter irrigation (CCI) has been advocated, but no comparative studies have been reported. The authors reviewed 47 cases of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis to determine whether a difference in outcomes exists between these two methods. OD was used in 32 patients and CCI was used in 15 patients. Complications appeared to be more common in the OD group (N = 9) compared with the CCI group (N = 3), but this difference was not significant. This study supports the use of CCI as the preferred treatment for pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis because it provides thorough mechanical tendon sheath irrigation and causes smaller wounds with less scarring, which may offer a more rapid return to function.