Arteriovenous malformation involving the thumb and hand: radical excision and reconstruction of multiple components

Arteriovenous malformation of the fingers is not an uncommon presentation in daily practice. The lesions may or may not become clinically evident from birth to adulthood. Treatment of the arteriovenous malformation includes conservative treatment, selective embolization, partial excision, and radical excision. However, recurrence, repeat operations, and even deformity requiring amputation are common problems. The excision is difficult because it is easy to damage the nutrient vessels of the digit, and ischemia or necrosis develop subsequently. Embolization and partial excision are prone to recurrence as well. Radical excision and flap reconstruction are beneficial for some patients, as demonstrated by the authors. In the treatment of digital arteriovenous malformation, it is always important to maintain a balance of cure, function, and aesthetic result.