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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
Published on: January 13, 2017
General anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation without intubation for short-stay operations
1Department of Medical and Surgical Disciplines, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Background:
The choice of the anesthetic technique plays a decisive role in the use of operating protocols in day hospital or short-stay given that full compliance with surgical needs must be associated with rapid recovery and the patient's renewed autonomy leading to discharge in total safety.
Methods:
The use of spontaneous ventilation general anesthesia without intubation is proposed for all operations not requiring muscular paralysis and where the patient's conditions are compatible. The authors describe the technique used and its utilisation in over 4,000 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery of the leg.
Results:
Using rapid clearance drugs with minimum metabolic involvement this anesthetic technique allows a full postoperative recovery within a short time and with no immediate or long-term sequelae.
Conclusions:
It can be used for short-stay or day-case surgery when concomitant with adequate surgical requirements.
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