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Lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease
Fares H Haddad1, Ahmed A Omari, Qasem M Shamailah
1Division of Endocrine-Medical Department, King Hussein Medical Center, PO Box 967, Amman 11118, Jordan. haddf@hotmail.com
Insights
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan exhibit elevated cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, with lower HDL-C. Hyperlipidemia is a significant CAD risk factor, particularly in diabetic females.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Lipid profiles are critical indicators of cardiovascular risk.
- Diabetes mellitus significantly exacerbates cardiovascular risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate lipid profiles in Jordanian patients with proven CAD.
- To identify and stratify risk factors, including diabetes, in CAD patients.
- To compare lipid profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic CAD patients and a control group.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 192 patients with angiogram-proven CAD (77 diabetic, 115 non-diabetic) and 162 controls.
- Analysis of lipid profiles (Total Cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerides), glucose, and HbA1c.
- Exclusion of patients with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Main Results:
- CAD patients showed significantly higher cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, and lower HDL-C compared to controls.
- Prevalence of hyperlipidemia was high: 60.9% (cholesterol), 68.3% (TG), 63.5% (LDL-C), 48.4% (low HDL-C).
- Diabetic CAD patients had higher TG levels and a higher prevalence of females with CAD.
Conclusions:
- Jordanian CAD patients present with adverse lipid profiles consistent with other populations.
- Hyperlipidemia is confirmed as a primary risk factor for CAD.
- Diabetic females face a heightened risk of CAD, underscoring the need for aggressive lipid management.
Objective:
To determine the lipid profile and to identify and stratify risk factors in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with proven coronary artery disease at King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan.
Methods:
One hundred and ninety-two patients who were admitted to Queen Alia Heart Institute, Amman, Jordan, proving to have coronary artery disease (CAD) by angiogram, with a mean age of 54 +/- 22 years were studied. Seventy-seven patients were diabetics and 115 non-diabetics. Their lipid profiles (T-Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein level (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein level (LDL-C), triglyceride, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin) and thyroid function test were compared to a control group of 162 individuals with no cardiac events or diabetes, mean age 48.9 +/- 18 years. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia was calculated. Patients with high thyroid stimulating hormone were excluded.
Results:
The mean (+/- standard deviation) plasma cholesterol for the group with CAD is 231.43 +/- 57.99 mg/dl versus 202.8 +/- 36.58 in the control group (p<0.0003). High density lipoprotein 35.98 +/- 9.37 versus 44.43 +/- 8.34 (p=0.00011). Low density lipoprotein 146.75 +/- 50.93 versus 118.97 +/- 45.9 (p=0.003). Triglyceride level 246.95 +/- 142.1 versus 164 mg/l +/- 93.78 (p=0.0002). Thyroid stimulating hormone level was 1.55 +/- 0.9 versus 1.51 +/- 0.89 ng/l in control group (p=0.35 NS), HbA1c in diabetic group 7 +/- 2.3%. The prevalence of high plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and low HDL-C was 60.9%, 68.3%, 63.5% and 48.4%. Inter-group comparison of patients with CAD (diabetics versus non-diabetics) revealed higher TG level in the diabetic group and statistically significant difference of the HDL and LDL levels between the 2 groups in favor of diabetic group explained by higher percentage of patients on anti-hyperlipidemic drugs than non-diabetics. More females with CAD were found in the diabetic group versus non-diabetic group (16.9% versus 6.1%. z=2.4027 p=0.00820).
Conclusion:
Jordanian patients with CAD have higher cholesterol, LDL-C, Triglyceride and lower HDL-C levels than the control group which comes in accordance of other studies. Hyperlipidemia remains the strongest risk factor for CAD. Diabetic females are at higher risk for CAD versus non-diabetics with the same lipid profile. Aggressive treatment of hyperlipidemia is of paramount importance to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiac events in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.