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Related Experiment Videos

Silver concentrations in Colorado, USA, watersheds using improved methodology.

Liang-Saw Wen1, Peter H Santschi, Gary A Gill

  • 1Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, Galveston 77551, USA.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|October 10, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Municipal and industrial discharges impact silver (Ag) levels in Colorado rivers. Downstream Ag concentrations varied, but were below chronic criteria, with much binding to colloidal organic matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry
  • Water Quality Analysis

Background:

  • Municipal and industrial discharges are significant sources of metal pollution in surface waters.
  • Understanding silver (Ag) speciation is crucial for assessing its environmental impact and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of anthropogenic discharges on silver concentrations and speciation in Colorado river systems.
  • To analyze the distribution of silver across different size fractions (particulate, colloidal, dissolved) in surface waters.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of river water samples using ultraclean protocols at five sites in Colorado.
  • Analysis of total, filtered (0.1 and 0.4 microm), particulate (>= 0.45 microm), and colloidal (3 kDa-0.1 m) silver concentrations.

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  • Laboratory experiments to evaluate potential biases in sample storage, digestion, and preconcentration methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Upstream silver concentrations were relatively consistent, while downstream concentrations showed a wider range, indicating discharge impacts.
    • Downstream silver levels in the 0.1-microm filter-passing fraction were below chronic silver criteria.
    • Over 60% of filter-passing silver was associated with colloidal organic matter, similar to dissolved organic carbon levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Anthropogenic discharges significantly increase silver concentrations in river systems, though downstream levels can be attenuated.
    • Colloidal organic matter plays a critical role in silver speciation and transport in surface waters.
    • Macromolecular ligands in both colloidal and particulate fractions are key to understanding silver's environmental behavior.