Fournier's gangrene after unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation

A 16-year-old boy with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia developed Fournier's gangrene as an early complication after two-antigen HLA-mismatched unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation. On day 25 after the transplantation, he noted abrupt onset of penile swelling with miction pain. The penile inflammation rapidly extended posteriorly to involve the scrotum and perianal tissues, inferiorly to involve the thighs, and superiorly up the lower abdominal region within the next 36 h, and he died from sepsis on day 27. Fournier's gangrene presenting as a genitoperineal necrotizing fasciitis should be considered as a potential complication in umbilical-cord blood recipients in the cytopenic post-transplant phase.