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Genetic analysis of dermatoglyphic patterns in twins.

T Reed, F R Sprague, K W Kang

    Human Heredity
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Genetic factors significantly influence dermatoglyphic variables, particularly in hands over feet. Thumb patterns show unique genetic components, potentially linking to big-toe patterning.

    Area of Science:

    • Human genetics
    • Dermatoglyphics
    • Twin studies

    Background:

    • Dermatoglyphic patterns (fingerprints, palm, sole prints) are unique and heritable.
    • Twin studies are crucial for dissecting genetic and environmental influences on complex traits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the genetic variance in 71 dermatoglyphic variables using twin analysis.
    • To compare the genetic control of patterning between hands and feet.
    • To identify specific areas with significant genetic influence.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to 424 twin sets.
    • Twin analysis methodology to estimate genetic variance.
    • Quantitative scoring system for 54 dermatoglyphic variables (arch=0, loop=1, whorl=2).

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    Main Results:

    • Significant genetic influence observed in the majority of dermatoglyphic variables.
    • Hand patterns exhibited stronger genetic control compared to foot patterns.
    • The hallucal area showed the highest genetic component among foot patterns.
    • Thumb patterns demonstrated nonsignificant genetic components, deviating from other finger patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Dermatoglyphic patterning is substantially influenced by genetic factors.
    • Genetic control varies between different body regions, with hands showing higher heritability.
    • The thumb's unique genetic profile suggests a distinct evolutionary or developmental pathway, possibly related to the hallux.