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A cognitive-behavioral/psychophysiological model of tic disorders
1Centre de recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hĵpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montreal, QC, Canada. kieron.oconnor@orfs.montreal.ca
Behaviour Research and Therapy
|October 12, 2002
Summary
This study explores cognitive and physiological factors in tic disorders, proposing a model where perfectionism, sensory awareness, and muscle tension contribute to tic habits. Interventions should focus on tension and urge management rather than tic suppression.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Tic disorders involve complex cognitive and physiological mechanisms.
- Existing models often overlook the interplay of factors contributing to tic development and maintenance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elaborate on a cognitive psychophysiological model for tic disorders.
- To highlight the reciprocal interplay of cognitive and physiological factors in tic onset and maintenance.
Main Methods:
- Review of current cognitive behavioral and neurophysiological accounts.
- Elaboration of a cognitive psychophysiological model integrating various factors.
- Discussion of clinical implications and empirical support.
Main Results:
- Cognitive factors (perfectionism, sensory awareness) and physiological factors (motor activation, muscle tension) contribute to tic habits.
- Negative appraisals and counter-productive coping strategies can reinforce tic onset.
- Neurochemical factors are seen as secondary to behavioral adaptations.
Conclusions:
- The model emphasizes cognitive-behavioral factors in tic disorders.
- Effective tic management involves interventions targeting tension and urge reduction.
- The model offers testable predictions and integrates findings across psychological and biological domains.