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Elements in environmental and occupational medicine.

Pietro Apostoli1

  • 1Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. apostoli@master.cci.unibs.it

Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
|October 12, 2002
PubMed
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Occupational and environmental medicine increasingly uses advanced techniques like ICP-MS for heavy metal analysis. Future focus is on understanding element effects at lower doses and in diverse biological samples.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational and Environmental Medicine
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Historically, occupational and environmental medicine focused on heavy metals due to widespread exposure and known toxic effects.
  • Recent advances in analytical techniques have significantly improved the ability to monitor exposure and internal doses of elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolution of elemental analysis in occupational and environmental medicine.
  • To address the growing demand for comprehensive biological monitoring, including novel matrices and elements.
  • To emphasize the need for understanding element and species significance at current exposure levels.

Main Methods:

  • Advancements in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS-ETAAS).

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  • Introduction of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for biological monitoring.
  • Development of methods for analyzing diverse biological matrices beyond blood and urine.

    • Main Results:

    • Substantial increase in the availability of exposure and internal dose indicators.
    • Growing demand for controlling pre-analytical and analytical factors.
    • Emerging focus on elements not extensively studied for their toxicological roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Deeper knowledge is required to assess the significance of elements and their species in biological fluids at current doses.
    • Occupational and environmental toxicology will increasingly focus on the lower end of the dose-response curve.
    • Continued advancements in analytical methodologies are crucial for future research and monitoring.