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Validating a dipstick method for detecting recent smoking.

Peter Gariti1, David I Rosenthal, Kathleen Lindell

  • 1University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center Group, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6178, USA. Ghariti@mail.trc.upenn.edu

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|October 12, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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A new urine test, the NicoMeter, accurately verifies patient smoking status in pulmonary medicine. This method is crucial for research, especially with lung cancer patients who may misreport tobacco use.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate self-reported smoking status is vital for pulmonary medicine and research.
  • Biochemical verification methods are needed to improve data reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method (NicoMeter) for verifying self-reported smoking status.
  • To compare the NicoMeter's results with traditional biochemical testing and self-reports in patients undergoing pulmonary treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study comparing patient self-reports with NicoMeter testing (cotinine metabolite) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry validation.
  • 76 new patients at urban academic tertiary healthcare pulmonary/thoracic surgery services participated.

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  • Patients were informed of onsite urine testing prior to smoking history collection.

    • Main Results:

    • Excellent agreement (kappa = 0.777) between the NicoMeter and standard biochemical testing.
    • Self-reported smoking status closely aligned with biochemical results, but 5.3-9.5% misclassification occurred.
    • Lung cancer patients showed a higher rate of inaccurate nonsmoking status (15.6%) compared to those with nonmalignant pulmonary disease.

    Conclusions:

    • The NicoMeter is a valid and user-friendly method for confirming smoking status in clinical settings.
    • Biochemical verification is essential, as self-reports can be inaccurate, particularly in lung cancer patients.
    • Findings impact research relying on self-reported smoking data without objective verification.