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Calcium oxalate crystalluria.

J S Elliot, I N Rabinowitz, M Silvert

    The Journal of Urology
    |December 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Calcium oxalate crystals in urine are common, occurring 42 times more frequently than urinary calculi. Analysis confirmed these crystals are real, not artifacts, and exhibit diverse crystalline structures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Mineralogy
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Calcium oxalate crystals are frequently observed in urine specimens.
    • The incidence of crystalluria requires further investigation to understand its clinical significance.
    • Distinguishing real crystals from artifacts is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence of calcium oxalate crystalluria in hospital laboratory urine specimens.
    • To confirm the authenticity of observed calcium oxalate crystals.
    • To characterize the crystalline structures of calcium oxalate found in urine.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of urine specimens submitted to a hospital laboratory.
    • Polarized light microscopy for crystal identification.
    • X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis for crystalline structure determination.

    Main Results:

    • The incidence of crystalluria was found to be 4.2 per cent.
    • This incidence is approximately 42 times the maximum reported incidence of urinary calculi.
    • Crystalluria was confirmed as a real phenomenon, not an artifact.
    • Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals appeared as bipyramidal and dodecahedral prisms.
    • Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals presented as biconcave ovals, dumbbell shapes, and intermediate forms.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium oxalate crystalluria is significantly more common than urinary calculi.
    • The diverse crystalline forms of calcium oxalate have been characterized.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of high crystalluria incidence.

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