[Heavy users of psychiatric care].

Area of Science:

• Medical research
• Healthcare utilization studies
• Patient behavior analysis

Background:

• Heavy users consume a disproportionate share of medical services.
• Characteristics of heavy users are highly variable and complex.
• Factors contributing to heavy use include social problems, illness denial, and comorbid conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing research on heavy users.
• To identify challenges and problems in heavy user research.
• To inform future research and clinical practice regarding heavy users.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of German and English literature.
• Analysis focused on "heavy users" and related concepts.
• Synthesis of findings on patient characteristics and contributing factors.

Main Results:

• Heavy user profiles are inhomogeneous, lacking a single defining characteristic.
• Significant contributors to heavy use include social issues, non-compliance, and substance misuse.
• Future research should focus on illness-related definitions and service adequacy.

Conclusions:

• Early identification of heavy users is essential for effective intervention.
• Alternative, patient-specific services can prevent inadequate use of expensive healthcare.
• Tailored interventions can improve patient outcomes and optimize resource allocation.